i use my solar system for led light,i use it, old computer heat sink  and old used computer monitor parts,led light very bright and power saving (low power) log life time,so light back panel very hot so need to log time you for heat sink or fan,good for life time led
i use for led drive 230v out 32v led drive    



Mercury-free - no mercury is used in the manufacturing of LEDs.
 what happened mercury cfl,
mercury released from a broken CFL affect health
f mercury is swallowed less than a thousandth is absorbed 
by the body and most of it is eliminated, mainly through the urine and faeces. 
Still, swallowing a high concentration of mercury on the short term can 
lead to severe harmful and even life-threatening effects



 Benefits of LED lightbulbs


Did you know watts don't tell you how bright a light will be?

To compare different light bulbs, you need to know about lumens. Lumens, 
not watts, tell you how bright a light bulb is, no matter the type of bulb. The more lumens, 
the brighter the light. Beginning in 2012, labels on the
 front of light bulb packages now state a bulb's brightness in lumens, 
instead of the bulb's energy usage in watts. For more information, read our article 
Lumens are the new watts.

While lumens is the best measurement of comparative lighting among the various bulbs,
 it is not always a perfect measure. Some floodlights in can lighting use an internal reflector in the 
bulb to send the light facing downward. When shopping for light bulbs, 
note that bulbs equipped with reflectors will deliver increased directional light.

The chart below shows the amount of brigthness in lumes you can expect from 
different wattage light bulbs. The LED bulbs require much less wattage 
than the CFL or Incandescent light bulbs, which is why LED bulbs are more 
energy-efficient and long lasting than the other types of bulb.

led lights for solar system

so i use my, solar system, for led light, InterLED Light offers a full range of residential, commercial and industrial energy saving products and systems, , guaranteeing high efficiency levels, offering significant cost savings and reducing reliance on conventional power sources. LED lighting technology and systems allow for savings of between 50 and 80% on electrical energy costs, and 8 times more than energy saving fluorescent lamps (CFL), are practically maintenance-free, and are recyclable and do not contaminate the environment (unlike CFLs which contain mercury, thus pollute the environment and can cause health problems). Additional advantages of LED lamps: no flicker, instant on/off, CRI’s 70 to 90, ‘unbreakable’, low temperature and silent operation, low voltage safe, easy dimming, small sizes, .

so i home made, led light housing, for used computer heat sink,

BenefiBenefits of LED light
 
Long-lasting - LED bulbs last up to 10 times as long as compact fluorescents, and far longer than typical incandescents.

Durable - since LEDs do not have a filament, they are not damaged under circumstances when a regular incandescent bulb would be broken. Because they are solid, LED bulbs hold up well to jarring and bumping.

Cool - these bulbs do not cause heat build-up; LEDs produce 3.4 btu's/hour, compared to 85 for incandescent bulbs. Common incandescent bulbs get hot and contribute to heat build-up in a room. LEDs prevent this heat build-up, thereby helping to reduce air conditioning costs in the home.

Mercury-free - no mercury is used in the manufacturing of LEDs.

More efficient - LED light bulbs use only 2-17 watts of electricity (1/3rd to 1/30th of Incandescent or CFL). LED bulbs used in fixtures inside the home save electricity, remain cool and save money on replacement costs since LED bulbs last so long. Small LED flashlight bulbs will extend battery life 10 to 15 times longer than with incandescent bulbs.

Cost-effective - although LEDs are initially expensive, the cost is recouped over time and in battery savings. LED bulb use was first adopted commercially, where maintenance and replacement costs are expensive. But the cost of new LED bulbs has gone down considerably in the last few years. and are continuing to go down. Today, there are many new LED light bulbs for use in the home, and the cost is becoming less of an issue. To see a cost comparison between the different types of energy-saving light bulbs, s

How Inverters Work

solar... power... free... energy!

How Inverters Work 

Simply put, an inverter is an electronic device that converts low voltage DC (direct current) battery power to 115 volt (or 230 volt internationally) AC (alternating current) household electrical power. Hand-held inverters can be plugged into any vehicle cigarette lighter outlet, producing output power levels ranging from 50 to 250* watts. Larger, high output inverters can be hard wired directly to a DC battery source and deliver power from 800 to 2500 watts.* Intermittent operation only. Over 150 watts continuous requires direct connection to the 12 (or 24) volt power  Most inverters convert DC power in two stages. The first stage is a DC-to-DC converter that raises the low voltage DC at the inverter input to 145 volts DC. The second stage is the actual inverter stage. It converts the high voltage DC into 115 volts, 60 Hz AC (230 volt, 50 Hz internationally).The DC-to-DC converter stage uses modern high frequency power conversion techniques that eliminate the bulky transformers found in inverters based on older technology. The inverter stage uses advanced power MOSFET transistors in a full bridge configuration. This gives you excellent overload capability and the ability to operate tough reactive loads like lamp ballast's and small induction motors. Safe - do not install the unit in the same compartment as batteries or in any compartment capable of storing flammable gases or fumes such as gasoline. Do not install the unit in a zero-clearance compartment  Close to Battery - install as close to the battery as possible (keeping item #4 in mind) in order to minimize the length of cable required to connect the inverter to the battery. It is better and cheaper to run longer AC wires than longer DC  
Q: "Can I mount my inverter in a cabinet?" A: Your inverter can be mounted in any location as long as it is clean, dry and has adequate ventilation. In general, it is best to keep your inverter as cool as possible.
Q:"Can the inverter be hooked up under the engine hood?"A: No, the inverter is an electronic device and should not be placed in the engine compartment. Criteria for an installation location is: dry, cool, ventilated, and safe.

Yes, as long as adequate ventilation is maintained. If mounting a high output inverter in this location, you must ensure that the bottom of the inverter remains unobstructed, as this is where the air intake is. If the intended mounting surface is not smooth (such as on carpeting), then you should raise that inverter with mounting blocks of some kind to

Im currently using a 12V Lead-Acid battery to power a speaker amp but when the voltage gets to 11.5 volts, it no longer has enough power for the amp. Im wondering if there is a easy circuit i can build that will take 11-12V in and put 12.5-13V out 11.5 volts for a longer time. A good battery should have about 13.7 volts present when fully charged,
i use amaron battery my solar panel 65amp amaron battery
  We must think safety when we are working around and with batteries. Remove all jewelry. After all you don't want to melt your watchband while you are wearing the watch. The hydrogen gas that batteries make when charging is very explosive. We have seen several instances of batteries blowing up and drenching everything in sulfuric acid. That is no fun, and would have been a good time to use those safety goggles that are hanging on the wall. Heck, just break out your disco outfit. Polyester is not affected by Sulfuric Acid, but anything with cotton will be eaten up. If you do not feel the need to make a fashion statement just wear junk clothes, after all Polyester is still out of style. When doing electrical work on vehicles it is best to disconnect the ground cable. Just remember you are messing with corrosive acid, explosive gases and 100's amps of electrical current.
Basically there are two types of lead acid batteries (along with 3 sub categories); The two main types are Starting (cranking), and Deep Cycle (marine/golf cart). The starting battery (SLI starting lights ignition) is designed to deliver quick bursts of energy (such as starting engines) and therefore has a greater plate count. The plates are thinner and have somewhat different material composition. The deep cycle battery has less instant energy, but greater long-term energy delivery. Deep cycle batteries have thicker plates and can survive a number of discharge cycles. Starting batteries should not be used for deep cycle applications because the thinner plates are more prone to warping and pitting when discharged. The so-called Dual Purpose Battery is a compromise between the two types of batteries, though it is better to be more specific if possible
  Battery Don'ts

• Don't forget safety first.
• Don't add new electrolyte (acid).
• Don't use unregulated high output battery chargers to charge batteries.
• Don't place your equipment and toys into storage without some type of device to keep the battery charged.
• Don't disconnect battery cables while the engine is running (your battery acts as a filter).
• Don't put off recharging batteries.
• Don't add tap water as it may contain minerals that will contaminate the electrolyte.
• Don't discharge a battery any deeper than you possibly have to.
• Don't let a battery get hot to the touch and boil violently when charging.
• Don't mix size and types of batteries.

State of Charge	Specific Gravity	Voltage
		12V	6V
100%	1.265	12.7	6.3
75%	1.225	12.4	6.2
50%	1.190	12.2	6.1
25%	1.155	12.0	6.0
Discharged	1.120	11.9	6.0

my charge controller wiring

So I could have wires coming from the load output of the solar charge controller, and wire those onto my inverter terminals,Using Charge Controllers to prevent overcharging batteries,,,

installation warning

Connect to Battery:

Attach the Solar Charge Controller positive (+) wire to the positive (+) battery terminal. Then

connect the Solar Charge Controller negative (-) wire to the negative (-) battery terminal.

WARNING: The alligator clips MUST be placed on to the battery in the aforementioned order—

wrong connections may cause sparking or explosion.

Connect to Solar Panel:

Option 1

Strip the solar panel wires. Connect positive (+) wire from the solar panel to the positive (+) of the

charge controller and the negative (-) wire from the solar panel to the negative (-) of the charge

controller. Ensure the connections are secure.

Option 2

Some panels may include a quick connect for use with the Solar Charge Controller. If included,

connect positive to positive and negative to negative of charge controller. Ensure connections

shock, heart fibrillation, electric burns,safety first

my charge controller

my charge controller

Lighting & Timer Charge Controller

10A Solar Panel Charge Controller Regulator 12V/24V
Compatible with 240W(24V system) solar panel with dark activated function, 

Max current is 10A

 Feature:
1 Microcontroller digital accuracy
2 PWM charge mode & State of Charge(SOC)
3 Fully automatic operation & Electronic protections 
4 Detects day and night using the PV array, timer setting
5 Double digital LED display, numbers equal to timer setting 
6 Temperature compensation, with external temperature sensor 
7 Big terminals, big distance between terminals

Equalisation voltage: 14.8Volt 
High voltage disconnect(HVD): 14.4Volt
Float voltage: 13.6Volt
Low voltage disconnect(LVD) 11.1Volt
Low voltage reconnect(LVR): 12.6Volt 
Self-consumption: 6mA maximum
Temperature compensation: -30mV/℃/12V
Terminals: for wire sizes to 6mm2

my p.w.m & mppt charge controller

A Solar Charge Controller might well be the most complicated part of the whole solar electric system, even more so then most inverters. To start with there is MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), Diversion loads, Equalizing charge, Bulk charge, Float charge and many more terms.

An MPPT charge controller is the top of the line charge controller on the market. It is able to track or trace the input power from your solar array and the voltage from your battery bank. It then re-adjust the voltage for the highest amp output to charge the battery bank. An MPPT charge controller is capable of taking a higher voltage and down converting to a lower voltage. In my testing of the MPPT I have found about a 10% to 12% loss of power from the input side of the charge controller to the output side which is about the best you can expect. A Charge controller uses power to do their job just like any other electrical device.

Keeping things simple lets use a 24 volt solar array and a 12 volt battery bank. If the solar panels have an output of 24 volts and 5 amps and your battery bank is at 12 volts. The Mppt charge controller will down convert the voltage from 24 volts to 12. And while doing this it will double the amps to 10 amps. So you would have 12 volts and 10 amps to charge the batteries with.

One other great trick Mppt the mppt charger is capable of, It adjust with cloud cover or edge of cloud brightness. With my 810 watts in panels I have seen output to the battery bank of as much as 1048 watts. I am sure this was edge of cloud performance. A non mppt charge controller would have suppressed this spike and the extra charging boost would be lost.

A standard charge controller without MPPT when charging connects the panels direct to the battery

homemade solar panels tips

• 1. You can find great ways to save on your own DIY solar panels to use at home, as the price of one of the many manufactured solar panel systems tends to be fairly high. Making your own homemade solar panels can be a great way to improve your DIY skills, save yourself a good deal of money, and build something that will actually earn you money in the future. Article Source: 
• 2 aluminum frame for solar panels
• 3 .do not use fiberglass for solar panels,solar cells diy, why u should not use fiberglass resin to encapsulate solar cells
• 4,do not use p.v.c frame, Some reports refer to low quality uPVC frames but how can a consumer distinguish? Are uPVC simply not a good idea after al
•  5.i use old computer power cable for power connector
• 
  Don’t buy broken solar cells — it’s not worth it.
  

  
  

  

  
  

  
  
  
  Get a professional electrician to do the final wiring. It probably won’t cost you a ton and could save you big headaches and a lot of money. This part can be tricky and is really best left to a professional, or so I hear.

solar cell information

solar cell information
A solar cell (also called a photovoltaic cell) is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. It is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical characteristics—e.g. current, voltage, or resistance—vary when light is incident upon it) which, when exposed to light, can generate and support an electric current without being attached to any external voltage source.
The term "photovoltaic" comes from the Greek φῶς (phōs) meaning "light", and from "Volt", the unit of electro-motive force, the volt, which in turn comes from the last name of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta, inventor of the battery (electrochemical cell). The term "photo-voltaic" has been in use in English since 1849.

Polycrystalline cells are made from similar silicon material except that instead of being grown into a single crystal, they are melted and poured into a mold. This forms a square block that can be cut into square wafers with less waste of space or material than round single-crystal wafers. As the material cools, it crystallizes in an imperfect manner, forming random crystal boundaries. The efficiency of energy conversion is slightly lower. This merely means that the size of the finished module is slightly greater per watt than most single crystal modules. The cells look different from single crystal cells. The surface has a jumbled look with many variations of blue color. In fact, they are quite beautiful like sheets of gemstone.
In addition to the above processes, some companies have developed alternatives such as ribbon growth and growth of crystalline film on glass. Most crystalline silicon technologies yield similar results, with high durability. Twenty-five-year warranties are common for crystalline silicon modules. Single crystal tends to be slightly smaller in size per watt of power output, and slightly more expensive than polycrystalline.
The construction of finished modules from crystalline silicon cells is generally the same, regardless of the technique of crystal growth. The most common construction is by laminating the cells between a tempered glass front and a plastic backing, using a clear adhesive similar to that used in automotive safety glass. It is then framed with aluminum.
The silicon used to produce crystalline modules is derived from sand. It is the second most common element on earth, so why is it so expensive? The answer is that, in order to produce the photovoltaic effect, it must be purified to an extremely high degree. Such pure "semiconductor grade" silicon is very expensive to produce. It is also in high demand in the electronics industry because it is the base material for computer chips and other devices. Crystalline solar cells are about the thickness of a human fingernail. They use a relatively large amount of silicon.

my final solar panel i use Aluminum

This is the first time i bringing the PROFESSIONAL solar panel aluminum frames that all real solar panel manufacturers use - the extruded, anodized aluminum frames designed to fit 108 of the 3x6 solar cells, with the 5columns  configuration. i can easily cut the aluminum frames down to the sizes that i want, whether it's the popular 24 cell   other custom sizes that i have. These frames come with 4 "corner keys" that are L-shape pieces that are used to connect the the frames in a 90 degree angle, and because the corner keys are graduated and they tighten the connections when hammered in - no screws are used. The frames are anodized to provide excellent corrosion resistance in harsh weather. The frames are EXACTLY the same frames as those used on the Spruce Line string ribbon solar panels (Google Spruce Line photovoltaic modules), in fact we got all of remaining frames DIRECTLY from the original panel manufacturer, so the mounting holes, grounding wire holes, dimensions, etc. are all in the right sizes and right places!

solar panel,Monocrystalline,Cells

 solar panel
 Monocrystalline Photovoltaic Solar Cells Made in USA
Specs:
 my solar system i used it's aluminum frame

• 125mm x 125mm
• 2.8 Watts
• 0.5V 

 so what's Monocrystalline, or Single Crystal, is the original PV technology invented in 1955, and never known to wear out. Polycrystalline entered the market in 1981. It is similar in performance and reliability. Single crystal modules are composed of cells cut from a piece of continuous crystal. The material forms a cylinder which is sliced into thin circular wafers. To minimize waste, the cells may be fully round or they may be trimmed into other shapes, retaining more or less of the original circle. Because each cell is cut from a single crystal, it has a uniform color which is dark blue.

p.v.c frame solar panel

 solar panel

it's working no problam but pvc frame not good ,do not you pvc frame for solare
panels it's extremal hot and sun Sunlight Exposure,damage pvc

i use for p.v.c frame . it's no glass broken  i make its for text,

but p,v,c life time ??????p v c not supported sunrise
 The Effects of Sunlight Exposure on PVC Pipe and Conduit. Introduction. The sun emits visible and non-visible radiation. One component,UV Exposure
PVC, CPVC and ABS pipe can suffer surface discoloration when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight. UV radiation affects PVC, CPVC and ABS when energy from the sun causes excitation of the molecular bonds in the plastic. The resulting reaction occurs only on the exposed surface of the pipe and to the extremely shallow depths of .001 to .003 inches. The effect does not continue when exposure to sunlight is terminated.

my second solar panel

solar panels problems,,  my second solar panel problems

solar panel's glass was broken ... problem is solar  cell heating ,,,,, glass broken

what we've learned so far about repairing broken panels:
The are many possible ways to damage a solar panel. The most common seems to be broken glass, from rocks, bullets, a fall (loose bolts on the mount!) or large hail. If you are able to remove all the broken glass, it might be possible to replace it with a new piece -- but the hard part will keeping water from condensing inside and fogging the new glass. It's also possible the panel will still work even with the broken glass in place, though with reduced output from the 'shade' from the broken glass edges. So don't just just throw the broken panel away -- at least check it for output first!
Another common problem is loose solder connections--some connections are intermittent and cut in and out as the panels heat and cool. You may notice cells cutting in and out if you sharply rap the panels with your hand. It may be necessary to cut through the soft silicone in which the cells are embedded to access the backs of the cells for repair. Windy Dankoff's report, reprinted below, shows how to diagnose which cells have bad connections that must be resoldered.
Individual solar cells are somewhat difficult to solder to. Self-adhesive metal stained-glass tape makes for the easiest soldering job--the tape holds itself in place while you solder. Use electronics solder that contains 2% silver. One side of the cell is (+), the other (-). Cells are connected in various combinations of series and parallel, depending on the intended use--our broken panels are made to be connected with 3 or 4 panels in series to charge 12 volt batteries.
i put 12v cpu fan for test
hi dear friend my second solar panel.. is were power full but it's glass broken it's have 13.5v    still working